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Case Study On C-D Nozzle Design
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Compressible Aerodynamics
Abstract
A convergent?divergent (CD) nozzle is a core component in aerospace and thermal propulsion systems, designed to expand and accelerate exhaust gases to supersonic speeds. Modern research into CD nozzles emphasizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, geometry optimization, and experimental validation. This survey consolidates insights from ten major studies, focusing on flow characteristics, geometric design parameters, pressure-velocity relationships, and nozzle performance optimization across different materials and flow conditions. The reviewed works show that the divergent angle (15??20?) and nozzle pressure ratio (NPR = 6?8) produce optimal performance with minimal shock separation.
References
[1] Estrada, N. L., “Verification of Convergent-Divergent Nozzle,” arXiv, 2025.
[2] Bukhari, S. M. A., “CFD-Based Optimization of CD Nozzle,” JJMIE, 2025.
[3] Petrovic, A., “Variable Area CD Nozzle Design,” Applied Mathematical Modeling, 2018.
[4] Mechanical ANITS Report, 2022.
[5] IRJET, “Performance Analysis of CD Nozzle,” 2019.
[6] Sathyabama University Report, 2023.
[7] IJRASET, “Nozzle Material Analysis Using ANSYS,” 2023.
[8] Dergipark, “Optimization of CD Nozzle Tip,” 2023.
[9] Scribd Report, “Design of CD Nozzle with Constant-Radius Body,” 2025.
[10] ScienceDirect, “Multi-objective Optimization in Supersonic Nozzles,” 2024.
How to cite this paper
@article{1712297,
author = {Muskaan Banu, Punith Kumar, Bhavyashree M, Itika Sharma},
title = {Case Study On C-D Nozzle Design},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2025},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {1943-1948},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1712297.pdf},
abstract = {A convergent?divergent (CD) nozzle is a core component in aerospace and thermal propulsion systems, designed to expand and accelerate exhaust gases to supersonic speeds. Modern research into CD nozzles emphasizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, geometry optimization, and experimental validation. This survey consolidates insights from ten major studies, focusing on flow characteristics, geometric design parameters, pressure-velocity relationships, and nozzle performance optimization across different materials and flow conditions. The reviewed works show that the divergent angle (15??20?) and nozzle pressure ratio (NPR = 6?8) produce optimal performance with minimal shock separation.},
month = {November},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I5-1712297}
}