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On-Chip Power Regulator
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: VLSI
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I7-1713368
Abstract
Modern SoC and IoT devices demand compact and reliable on-chip voltage regulation, while conventional LDO designs suffer from stability, quiescent power, and bulky external capacitor requirements. This study give a new perspective to overcome this challenge by developing a dual-NMOS, capacitor-less LDO architecture employing a simple CMOS inverter-based control method that eliminates the need for an error amplifier, and automatically adapts to load variations. The design is evaluated through LT-spice simulations using a 180 nm CMOS setup, including transient, DC, and AC analyses of the LDO and its integrated op-amp. It reaches a stable 1.2 V output and shows strong loop stability with an op-amp gain of ~70 dB at a 132? phase margin. Moreover, it offers low quiescent current and clean transient behavior without any off-chip capacitors. These are indications of how the proposed design can achieve great efficiency and stability with minimum Silicon area, suitable for next-generation SoC and sensor power-management systems.
Keywords
Low Dropout Regulator (LDO), NMOS, CMOS inverter, on-chip power management, load regulation, energy efficiency, System on Chip (SoC).
References
[1] Rincon-Mora, Gabriel A., and Phillip E. Allen. ”Optimized Frequency Shaping circuit topologies for LDOs.” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 45, no. 6 (2002): 703-708.
[2] Chava, Chaitanya K., and Jos´e Silva-Mart´ınez. ” A frequency compensation scheme for LDO voltage regulators.” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 51, no. 6 (2004): 1041-1050.
[3] Zeng, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Tan, H. Z. (2017). A push-pulled FVF based output-capacitorless LDO with adaptive power transistors. Microelectronics Journal, 64, 69-77.
[4] Manikandan, P., and B. Bindu. ”A transient enhanced cap-less lowdropout regulator for wide range of load currents and capacitances.” Microelectronics Journal 115 (2021): 105207
[5] Bai, Na, Xiangyang Liu, Xinjie Zhou, Yaohua Xu, and Yi Wang. ”A low dropout regulator design with 20.4 A quiescent current and high power supply rejection.” Integration 99 (2024): 102242.
[6] Sarma, Jitumani, Shatadal Chatterjee, Rakesh Biswas, and Sounak Roy. ”A digitally controlled adaptive LDO for power management unit in sensor node.” Integration 87 (2022): 29-39.
[7] Rincon-Mora, Gabriel A., and Phillip E. Allen. ”A low-voltage, low quiescent current, low drop-out regulator.” IEEE journal of Solid-State circuits 33, no. 1 (2002): 36-44
[8] Nasir, Saad Bin, Samantak Gangopadhyay, and Arijit Raychowdhury. ”All-digital low-dropout regulator with adaptive control and reduced dynamic stability for digital load circuits.” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 31, no. 12 (2016): 8293-8302.
[9] Liu, Xiao, Chenchang Zhan, and Hongchang Qiao. ”Chip-area-efficient capacitor-less LDO regulator with fast-transient response.” In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and Applications (ICTA), pp. 27-28. IEEE, 2019
[10] Liu, Nanqi, and Degang Chen. ”A transient-enhanced output- capacitorless LDO with fast local loop and overshoot detection.” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 67, no. 10 (2020): 3422-3432.
[11] Lau, Sai Kit, Philip KT Mok, and Ka Nang Leung.” A low-dropout regulator for SoC with Q-reduction.” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 42, no. 3 (2007): 658-66
How to cite this paper
@article{1713368,
author = {Teja Jagannatha Naik, Ankita Parulekar, Arpita R Naik, Prasad Poojary, Savitha Acharya},
title = {On-Chip Power Regulator},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {9},
number = {7},
pages = {1290-1297},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1713368.pdf},
abstract = {Modern SoC and IoT devices demand compact and reliable on-chip voltage regulation, while conventional LDO designs suffer from stability, quiescent power, and bulky external capacitor requirements. This study give a new perspective to overcome this challenge by developing a dual-NMOS, capacitor-less LDO architecture employing a simple CMOS inverter-based control method that eliminates the need for an error amplifier, and automatically adapts to load variations. The design is evaluated through LT-spice simulations using a 180 nm CMOS setup, including transient, DC, and AC analyses of the LDO and its integrated op-amp. It reaches a stable 1.2 V output and shows strong loop stability with an op-amp gain of ~70 dB at a 132? phase margin. Moreover, it offers low quiescent current and clean transient behavior without any off-chip capacitors. These are indications of how the proposed design can achieve great efficiency and stability with minimum Silicon area, suitable for next-generation SoC and sensor power-management systems.},
keywords = {Low Dropout Regulator (LDO), NMOS, CMOS inverter, on-chip power management, load regulation, energy efficiency, System on Chip (SoC).},
month = {January},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I7-1713368}
}