Probabilistic and Deterministic Comparative Damage Stability Characterization of a Cruise Liner Vessel

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@article{1715374,
      author = {Azubuike John Chuku, Chibuike David Uwaegbulam},
      title = {Probabilistic and Deterministic Comparative Damage Stability Characterization of a Cruise Liner Vessel},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {9},
      pages = {2495-2507},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1715374.pdf},
      abstract = {In this study, damage stability behaviour analysis of the cruise liner Pliable in the Gulf of Guinea was performed using Bentley MaxSurf. The research addressed the heightened risks of flooding and stability loss due to collisions, piracy, and extreme waves (up to 4.5m) in the region, which are neglected in generic stability studies. Unlike previous works focused on cargo ships, this research uniquely integrated region-specific hydrodynamic conditions and probabilistic methods with CAD tools for a cruise liner. Results showed floodable length increased with displacement, from 42.6 m to 53.1 m (+24.6%) at midship. Single-compartment flooding maintained SOLAS compliance (residual GM >1.38 m), but triple-compartment breaches submerged the margin line by 5 cm. Under storm conditions, effective GM reduced by 0.38 m, and combined with piracy maneuvers, GM reduced by 0.52 m, leading to non-compliance. Probabilistic methods outperformed deterministic approaches, yielding a 21.4% higher residual GM (0.51 m vs. 0.42 m) and a 9% higher survival probability (0.85 vs. 0.78). An optimized bulkhead configuration (21 bulkheads) reduced average floodable length to 37.2 m and increased residual GM to 0.61 m, ensuring SOLAS compliance with an 18% cost increase. The study demonstrates the critical need for region-specific stability assessments and hybrid methods. Recommendations included adopting real-time stability monitoring, optimized bulkhead spacing, and regulatory updates for high-risk zones. This work contributes to safer cruise liner operations and advances CAD applications in naval architecture.},
      keywords = {Damage Stability, Generic Stability, Floodable Length, Stability Loss Die to Collision},
      month = {March},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I9-1715374}
  }