Bidirectional LSTM for Spam Detection and Sentimental Analysis

• Author(s): Sadineni Gopichand; Sontineni Jaswanth Siva Sai ; Shaik Khaja Afrid Ali
• Paper ID: 1715458
• Page: 2410-2417
• Published Date: 26-03-2026
• Published In: Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
• Publisher: IRE Journals
• e-ISSN: 2456-8880
• Volume/Issue: Volume 9 Issue 9 March-2026

Abstract

Short Message Service (SMS) and email communication have become primary vectors for spam, placing heavy burdens on users and mobile network operators. This paper proposes a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) deep learning model for spam detection and sentiment analysis, evaluated on three benchmark datasets: SpamAssassin, SMS, and Email. The model is compared against a Hybrid K-Nearest Neighbors and Support Vector Machine (Hybrid KNN-SVM) classifier from the prior literature. Preprocessing involves stemming, tokenization, and stop-word removal, followed by Word2Vec-based feature extraction. The BiLSTM network captures both past and future contextual information in text sequences, substantially outperforming the hybrid baseline. On the SpamAssassin dataset, BiLSTM achieves an accuracy of 98.77%, and on the Email dataset it reaches 99.11%. Sentiment polarity is classified using AFINN and SentiWordNet lexicons. Experimental results confirm that the proposed BiLSTM model yields superior accuracy, recall, F1-score, Kappa statistics, MAE, and RMSE across all three datasets.

Keywords

Spam Detection, BiLSTM, Deep Learning, SMS, Sentiment Analysis, Word2Vec, SpamAssassin

Citations

IRE Journals:
Sadineni Gopichand, Sontineni Jaswanth Siva Sai , Shaik Khaja Afrid Ali "Bidirectional LSTM for Spam Detection and Sentimental Analysis" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 9 2026 Page 2410-2417 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I9-1715458

IEEE:
Sadineni Gopichand, Sontineni Jaswanth Siva Sai , Shaik Khaja Afrid Ali "Bidirectional LSTM for Spam Detection and Sentimental Analysis" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(9) https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I9-1715458