International Peer-Reviewed JournalOpen AccessISSN 2456-8880
irejournals@gmail.com+91-7433024337

Home / Current Issue / Paper 1716605

1716605 Vol 9 · Issue 10 Download Paper

Socio-Economic Barriers to Men's Acceptance of Contraceptives: A Study of Mgbidi, Oru West Local Government Area, Imo State

Nwanosike Chantal Ekwueme Agnes Osita-Njoku Victoria Chioma Ayozie-Samuel Maryjane Ogechi Ejiako Nmesoma Godsfavour Nwokeforo Chibundu Chibueze Uzoma

Subject area: Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities  ·  Area of research: Reproductive Health and Family Planning

DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716605

Abstract

This research examined the socio-economic barriers to men's acceptance of contraceptives in Mgbidi, Oru West L. G. A. in Imo State. The research was guided by three research questions, which include: a) to what extent does the preference for a male child affect the use of contraceptives, b) to what extent does educational attainment affect the use of contraceptives and c) to what extent does income level affect the use of contraceptives. Taro Yamani was adopted in determining the sample size of the study, resulting in 394 men in Mgbidi, and the Bowler's Proportional Allocation Formula was adopted in allocating each village its sample size for easy data collection. The sampling technique was the simple random sampling technique, and a structured questionnaire divided into section one, which is the personal data and section two, which are the main open-ended questions of a total of 28 items, was used in collecting relevant data for the study. These collected data were analysed using simple percentage statistical tables and the chi-square method. The results of the data analysed showed that there is a relationship between the preference for a male child and the use of contraceptives, there is a relationship between educational attainment and the use of contraceptives, and there is a relationship between income level and the use of contraceptives. Recommendations were made by the researcher which include; a) parents teaching their children to regard and value the importance of both gender to the family and society, b) NGOS should collaborate and organize more seminars to educate and encourage men to consider and accept contraceptives, and while at that they should start placing more value on the health of their partners and c) finally health care agencies and NGOS should look into partnering with pharmaceutical companies to negotiate lower prices or develop cost effective contraceptive alternatives so that men can start accepting the use of contraceptives.

Keywords

Barriers, Contraceptives, Socio-Economic, Men’s Acceptance, Socio-Economic Barrier

References

[1] American Academy of Pediatrics. (2014). Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Implants and Intrauterine Devices. Pediatrics, 134(4), e1244–e1256.

[2] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2017). Female Sterilization. Retrieved from https://www.acog.org/womenshealth/faqs/femalesterilization

[3] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2019). Intrauterine devices (IUDs). Retrieved from https://www.acog.org/en/womens health/faqs/intrauterine-devices-iuds

[4] Ankomah, A., Anyanti, J., &Oladosu, M. (2019). Myths, misinformation, and communication about family planning and contraceptive use in Nigeria. Open Access Journal of Contraception, 10, 95 104. doi:10.2147/OAJC.S205752

[5] Bajos, N., Lalloué, B., Ferrand, M., Moreau, C., Le Guen, M., Warin, M., ...&Detavernier, E. (2020). Male contraception: A matter of attitudes and experience. Contraception, 102(5), 285-292.

[6] Barber, J. S., Axinn, W. G., & Thornton, A. (1999). Unwanted childbearing, health, and mother-child relationships. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40(3), 231-257.

[7] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Contraception. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/index.htm

[8] Finer, L. B., Zolna, M. R., & Shifts, P. (2016). Unintended pregnancy in the United States: incidence and disparities, 2006. Contraception, 84(5), 478-485.

[9] Grimes, D. A. (1994). The Early History of Reproduction: Ancient Egypt and Ancient China. In L. J. King, D. Grimes, C. N. Phipps, R. J. Spellacy (Eds.), Fertility, Family Planning, and Women's Health: New Data From the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (pp. 6-12). Springer.

[10] Guttmacher Institute. (2022). Contraception. Retrieved from https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/contraceptive-use-worldwide

[11] Higgins, J. A., Hirsch, J. S., &Trussell, J. (2008). Pleasure, power, and inequality: Incorporating sexuality into research on contraceptive use. American Journal of Public Health, 98(10), 1803-1813. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.130096

[12] Inhorn, M. C. (2021). Masculinity, reproduction, and male infertility in the Middle East: Marginalized men coming to voice. Transcultural Psychiatry, 58(1), 7-35.

[13] Inhorn, M. C., Birenbaum-Carmeli, D., &Westphal, L. M. (2020). Disrupting masculinities? Arab men and male infertility in the new millennium. Reproductive BioMedicine & Society Online, 10, 50-61.

[14] Jones, R. K., Darroch, J. E., &Henshaw, S. K. (2014). Contraceptive Use Among U.S. Women Having Abortions in 2000-2001. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36(4), 166–173.

[15] Maru, R., Rajalakshimi, A. K., & Sharma, S. (2019). Socioeconomic and cultural factors influencing men's attitudes and practices toward family planning in Nepal. Journal of Population and Social Studies, 27(2), 117-131.

[16] Marx, K. (1867). Capital: A critique of political economy (Vol. 1). Progress Publishers.

[17] Miller, A. M., &Sassler, S. (2017). Unintended childbearing and the consequences of mothers' relationship status. Journal of Marriage and Family, 79(4), 1063-1083.

[18] Odimegwu, C., Somefun, O. D., &Bamiwuye, O. S. (2014). Demographic and socio-cultural factors influencing use of contraception among Nigerian women. The Open Public Health Journal, 7, 22-28.

[19] Okereke, C. I. (2019). Contraception in Nigeria: Past, Present and Future. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 9(4), 155-160.

[20] Oladapo, O. T., Osonuga, O. A., Akinmoladun, J. A., Sule Odu, A.O., Alabi,O. T., & Ogunniyi, S.O., (2020). Socioeconomic and cultural barriers to men's acceptance of contraception in southwest Nigeria. BMC Women's Health, 20(1),138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-01023-5

[21] Oyebola, A. O., Akanbi, A. O., Adebayo, A. G., &Oyebola, T. O., (2018). Ethnobotanical survey of plants used as contraceptives and abortifacients among the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 6(3), 95-99.

[22] Peterson, Z. D. (2018). Gender inequality and reproductive health among adolescent girls in rural Nepal. Journal of Adolescent Health, 62(3), S34-S40.

[23] Sanger, M. H. (1914). What Every Girl Should Know. The American Journal of Nursing, 15(6), 466–467.

[24] Sasson, V. (1996). Contraception in Ancient Times. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 65(2), 213–216.

[25] Shapiro, A. F. (2010). The economic consequences of unplanned pregnancies for women and children: A literature review. Women's Health Issues, 20(5), 323-329.

[26] Shattuck, D., Kerner, B., Gilles, K., Hartmann, M., Ng'ombe, T., & Guest, G. (2011). Encouraging contraceptive uptake by motivating men to communicate about family planning: The Malawi Male Motivator project. American Journal of Public Health, 101(6), 1089-1095.

[27] Speidel, J. J., Harper, C. C., & Shields, W. C. (2010). The potential of long-acting reversible contraception to decrease unintended pregnancy. Contraception, 81(5), 386-389. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.01.021

[28] Tariq, N., Maarseveen, M. V., De Brouwere, V., & Rahman, A. (2020). Barriers to contraceptive use amongst men in rural Indonesia. Journal of Reproductive Health, 17(1), 1-12.

[29] United Nations Population Fund. (2012). The state of the world population 2012: By choice, not by chance: Family planning, human rights, and development. Retrieved from https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/EN-SWOP2012-FINAL.pdf

[30] United Nations. (2019). World population prospects 2019: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/423). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.

[31] Wang, C., Swerdloff, R. S., Iranmanesh, A., Dobs, A., Snyder, P. J., Cunningham, G., Matsumoto, A. M., Weber, T., Berman, N., & Testosterone Gel Study Group. (2016). Transdermal testosterone gel improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength, and body composition parameters in hypogonadal men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 91(6), 1991-2001.

[32] World Health Organization. (2013). Report of a WHO technical consultation on birth spacing. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/birth_spacing05/en/

[33] World Health Organization. (2019). Male latex condom: Specification, prequalification, and guidelines for procurement (WHO/UNFPA/FHI360, 2019). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/reproductive. health/publications/contraceptive-eligibility-statement-condoms/en/

[34] World Health Organization. (2019). Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

[35] World Health Organization. (2021). Contraception. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/contraception

How to cite this paper

Nwanosike Chantal Ekwueme, Agnes Osita-Njoku, Victoria Chioma Ayozie-Samuel, Maryjane Ogechi Ejiako, Nmesoma Godsfavour Nwokeforo; Chibundu Chibueze Uzoma "Socio-Economic Barriers to Men's Acceptance of Contraceptives: A Study of Mgbidi, Oru West Local Government Area, Imo State" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 10 2026 Page 2182-2197 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716605
Nwanosike Chantal Ekwueme, Agnes Osita-Njoku, Victoria Chioma Ayozie-Samuel, Maryjane Ogechi Ejiako, Nmesoma Godsfavour Nwokeforo; Chibundu Chibueze Uzoma "Socio-Economic Barriers to Men's Acceptance of Contraceptives: A Study of Mgbidi, Oru West Local Government Area, Imo State" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 9, no. 10, Apr. 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716605
Nwanosike Chantal Ekwueme, Agnes Osita-Njoku, Victoria Chioma Ayozie-Samuel, Maryjane Ogechi Ejiako, Nmesoma Godsfavour Nwokeforo; Chibundu Chibueze Uzoma (2026). Socio-Economic Barriers to Men's Acceptance of Contraceptives: A Study of Mgbidi, Oru West Local Government Area, Imo State. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(10). doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716605
Nwanosike Chantal Ekwueme, Agnes Osita-Njoku, Victoria Chioma Ayozie-Samuel, Maryjane Ogechi Ejiako, Nmesoma Godsfavour Nwokeforo; Chibundu Chibueze Uzoma "Socio-Economic Barriers to Men's Acceptance of Contraceptives: A Study of Mgbidi, Oru West Local Government Area, Imo State" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 9, no. 10, Apr. 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716605
@article{1716605,
      author = {Nwanosike Chantal Ekwueme, Agnes Osita-Njoku, Victoria Chioma Ayozie-Samuel, Maryjane Ogechi Ejiako, Nmesoma Godsfavour Nwokeforo; Chibundu Chibueze Uzoma},
      title = {Socio-Economic Barriers to Men's Acceptance of Contraceptives: A Study of Mgbidi, Oru West Local Government Area, Imo State},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {10},
      pages = {2182-2197},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1716605.pdf},
      abstract = {This research examined the socio-economic barriers to men's acceptance of contraceptives in Mgbidi, Oru West L. G. A. in Imo State. The research was guided by three research questions, which include: a) to what extent does the preference for a male child affect the use of contraceptives, b) to what extent does educational attainment affect the use of contraceptives and c) to what extent does income level affect the use of contraceptives. Taro Yamani was adopted in determining the sample size of the study, resulting in 394 men in Mgbidi, and the Bowler's Proportional Allocation Formula was adopted in allocating each village its sample size for easy data collection. The sampling technique was the simple random sampling technique, and a structured questionnaire divided into section one, which is the personal data and section two, which are the main open-ended questions of a total of 28 items, was used in collecting relevant data for the study. These collected data were analysed using simple percentage statistical tables and the chi-square method. The results of the data analysed showed that there is a relationship between the preference for a male child and the use of contraceptives, there is a relationship between educational attainment and the use of contraceptives, and there is a relationship between income level and the use of contraceptives. Recommendations were made by the researcher which include; a) parents teaching their children to regard and value the importance of both gender to the family and society, b) NGOS should collaborate and organize more seminars to educate and encourage men to consider and accept contraceptives, and while at that they should start placing more value on the health of their partners and c) finally health care agencies and NGOS should look into partnering with pharmaceutical companies to negotiate lower prices or develop cost effective contraceptive alternatives so that men can start accepting the use of contraceptives.},
      keywords = {Barriers, Contraceptives, Socio-Economic, Men’s Acceptance, Socio-Economic Barrier},
      month = {April},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716605}
  }