Sustainable Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate(CaCO3) from Periwinkle Shells for Efficient Methylene Blue Removal

• Author(s): T. E. Amakoromo; P. S. Cookey
• Paper ID: 1716943
• Page: 2581-2588
• Published Date: 24-04-2026
• Published In: Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
• Publisher: IRE Journals
• e-ISSN: 2456-8880
• Volume/Issue: Volume 9 Issue 10 April-2026

Abstract

The ability of CaCO3 to sequester methylene blue (MB) from water was assessed through spectrophotometric, kinetic, and isotherm studies. The adsorption process was greatly affected by pH, with the best results at pH 7.5. This is due to deprotonation of surface functional groups and stronger electrostatic attraction to positively charged dye molecules. An optimal amount of adsorbent at 1.500 g/L achieved about 83% removal, showing more active sites become available until saturation. Isotherm results indicated a strong affinity between MB and the adsorbent, with removal rates over 90% at low initial concentrations. At higher concentrations (40–100 mg/L), removal efficiency dropped as active sites became saturated. Nevertheless, the adsorbent still removed over 80% of the dye across the tested range, proving its durability and effectiveness. These findings suggest that modified CaCO3 is a promising, eco-friendly adsorbent for dye-laden wastewater treatment and offers a valuable use for periwinkle shells, which are usually waste.

Keywords

Sequestration, Methylene blue, Dye Removal, CaCO3, Periwinkle Shell

Citations

IRE Journals:
T. E. Amakoromo, P. S. Cookey "Sustainable Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate(CaCO3) from Periwinkle Shells for Efficient Methylene Blue Removal" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 10 2026 Page 2581-2588 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716943

IEEE:
T. E. Amakoromo, P. S. Cookey "Sustainable Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate(CaCO3) from Periwinkle Shells for Efficient Methylene Blue Removal" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(10) https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716943