Home / Current Issue / Paper 1717810
Relationship Between Adjustment and Self-Confidence Among Senior Secondary Students
Subject area: Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities · Area of research: Arts
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I11-1717810
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a critical developmental stage marked by rapid physical, emotional, cognitive, and social changes. Senior secondary students encounter academic pressure, career-related concerns, peer influence, and identity formation challenges. Adjustment and self-confidence are two key psychological constructs that significantly influence adolescents' well-being and academic success. Objective: To examine the relationship between adjustment level and self-confidence among senior secondary students. Method: A correlational research design was employed with 100 senior secondary students (Grades XI–XII) from the Shekhawati region (Churu, Jhunjhunu, Sikar) selected via random sampling. The Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) and the Adolescents' Self-Confidence Scale were administered. Results: An independent samples t-test revealed that the obtained t-value (2.46) did not exceed the critical threshold (2.63) at p < .01, indicating no statistically significant difference in self-confidence between high- and low-adjustment groups. Conclusion: Self-confidence among adolescents is shaped by a multidimensional constellation of psychological and environmental factors rather than adjustment level alone. Implications for school-based counseling and intervention programs are discussed.
Keywords
adjustment; self-confidence; senior secondary students; adolescence; educational psychology; India
References
[1] Agrawal, B. (2023). Self-esteem, adjustment, psychological well-being, and academic achievement in secondary school students. Indian Journal of Educational Research, 12(1), 45–58.
[2] Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
[3] Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
[4] Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.
[5] Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/1529-1006.01431
[6] Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 87–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.87
[7] Desforges, C., & Abouchaar, A. (2003). The impact of parental involvement, parental support, and family education on pupil achievement and adjustment: A literature review. Department for Education and Skills.
[8] Devi, S., & Kusum. (2023). Self-esteem and educational adjustment of secondary school students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 15(2), 23–34.
[9] Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. W. W. Norton & Company.
[10] Fan, X., & Chen, M. (2001). Parental involvement and students' academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 13(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009048817385
[11] Grolnick, W. S., & Slowiaczek, M. L. (1994). Parents' involvement in children's schooling: A multidimensional conceptualization and motivational model. Child Development, 65(1), 237–252. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131378
[12] Harter, S. (2012). The construction of the self: Developmental and sociocultural foundations (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
[13] Hill, N. E., & Tyson, D. F. (2009). Parental involvement in middle school: A meta-analytic assessment of strategies that promote achievement. Developmental Psychology, 45(3), 740–763. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015362
[14] Jung, C. G. (1959). The archetypes and the collective unconscious (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). Princeton University Press.
[15] Kazim, M., & Ashwani. (2025). Parental support and school confidence in children. Indian Journal of School Education, 8(1), 12–25.
[16] Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
[17] Marsh, H. W., & Craven, R. G. (1997). Self-concept and self-esteem: Structural models and their educational implications. Australian Journal of Education, 41(1), 51–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/000494419704100106
[18] Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
[19] Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. Harper & Row.
[20] Mohini. (2022). Relationship between self-confidence and achievement motivation among secondary school students. Educational Quest, 13(3), 67–74.
[21] Mohan, J., & Kaur, J. (2018). Adjustment among senior secondary school students in relation to academic achievement. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 8(3), 45–52.
[22] Ram, M., & Madan, P. (2021). Adjustment and self-confidence among secondary school students. Journal of Indian Education, 47(2), 88–102.
[23] Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, implications, and theory. Houghton Mifflin.
[24] Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy. Houghton Mifflin.
[25] Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W. M., & Parker, J. G. (2006). Peer interactions, relationships, and groups. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (6th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 571–645). Wiley.
[26] Santrock, J. W. (2019). Adolescence (17th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
[27] Shaffer, L. F. (1961). Adjustment and mental health. McGraw-Hill.
[28] Sharma, L., & Promila. (2025). Adjustment problems of senior secondary school students in relation to gender and school environment. Educational Panorama, 10(1), 33–45.
[29] Shimray, R. C., Devi, L. N., & Meitei, L. C. (2024). Self-confidence levels in higher secondary students from Manipur, India. Asian Journal of Educational Research, 12(2), 55–67.
[30] Steinberg, L. (2001). Parent–adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.00001
[31] Thakur, M. (2025). Comparison of adjustment level of male and female adolescents in government and private schools. Himachal Journal of Educational Research, 6(1), 18–29.
[32] Uniya, R., & Khanduri, G. (2020). Self-confidence among senior secondary students: A study. Journal of Educational Development, 9(2), 44–55.
[33] Wentzel, K. R. (1998). Social relationships and motivation in middle school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(2), 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.90.2.202
How to cite this paper
@article{1717810,
author = {Neha, Abhishek Kumar Dubey},
title = {Relationship Between Adjustment and Self-Confidence Among Senior Secondary Students},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {9},
number = {11},
pages = {3026-3031},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1717810.pdf},
abstract = {Background: Adolescence is a critical developmental stage marked by rapid physical, emotional, cognitive, and social changes. Senior secondary students encounter academic pressure, career-related concerns, peer influence, and identity formation challenges. Adjustment and self-confidence are two key psychological constructs that significantly influence adolescents' well-being and academic success.
Objective: To examine the relationship between adjustment level and self-confidence among senior secondary students.
Method: A correlational research design was employed with 100 senior secondary students (Grades XI–XII) from the Shekhawati region (Churu, Jhunjhunu, Sikar) selected via random sampling. The Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) and the Adolescents' Self-Confidence Scale were administered.
Results: An independent samples t-test revealed that the obtained t-value (2.46) did not exceed the critical threshold (2.63) at p < .01, indicating no statistically significant difference in self-confidence between high- and low-adjustment groups.
Conclusion: Self-confidence among adolescents is shaped by a multidimensional constellation of psychological and environmental factors rather than adjustment level alone. Implications for school-based counseling and intervention programs are discussed.},
keywords = {adjustment; self-confidence; senior secondary students; adolescence; educational psychology; India},
month = {May},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I11-1717810}
}