Balancing CAP: Achieving Eventual Consistency in Distributed Systems using CRDTs and Kademlia DHT

• Author(s): Kelechi M Onyekwere
• Paper ID: 1710338
• Page: 1130-1149
• Published Date: 01-09-2025
• Published In: Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
• Publisher: IRE Journals
• e-ISSN: 2456-8880
• Volume/Issue: Volume 9 Issue 2 August-2025

Abstract

Distributed systems face fundamental challenges when balancing consistency, availability, and partition tolerance as described by the CAP theorem. While Kademlia Distributed Hash Tables (KDHT) provide excellent availability and partition tolerance, they struggle with consistency guarantees. This paper explores how Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) can be integrated into KDHT architectures to achieve eventual consistency without compromising high availability, enabling the development of resilient distributed applications that preserve data integrity even in the presence of network partitions. I present a comprehensive theoretical framework, detailed implementation strategies, performance analysis, and demonstrate the approach through multiple case studies, including distributed counters, and collaborative text editing. Our analysis shows that this integration provides strong eventual consistency guarantees while maintaining the scalability and fault tolerance benefits of decentralized systems.

Keywords

Consistency, CRDT, DHT, Eventual Consistency, Kademlia

Citations

IRE Journals:
Kelechi M Onyekwere "Balancing CAP: Achieving Eventual Consistency in Distributed Systems using CRDTs and Kademlia DHT" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 2 2025 Page 1130-1149

IEEE:
Kelechi M Onyekwere "Balancing CAP: Achieving Eventual Consistency in Distributed Systems using CRDTs and Kademlia DHT" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(2)